Bell and Marlow explore the tensions between funding goals, community goals, and learner/participant goals in Indigneous language projects, especially in consideration of how the Dena’ina Language Institute’s programming can better align with community needs. They consider how a program can be considered a success by its participants and a failure by its funders and note that informal teachings seem to be the most memorable aspects of programming for participants. They discuss core participant goals and outcomes, including fluency, community, culture, literacy, resistance, and healing/visibility.
Bell, L., & Marlow, P. E. (2009). Visibility, healing and resistance: Voices from the 2005 Dena’ina Language Institute. Journal of American Indian Education, 48(1), 1–18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24398747
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